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Meanings of the articles. The Indefinite Article. The Definite Article

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3. Meanings of the articles

The Indefinite Article

MEANING	USAGE	CLASSES OF NOUNS	EXAMPLES	NOTES
1. nominating	- to give a name to the object; to describe what kind of object the speaker has in mind.	Countable Singular	She pushed a button on the wall.
2. classifying	- to assign an object to a certain class of similar objects		Sir Walmer is a good neighbour to us.	The noun usually functions as a predicative or apposition in a sentence.
3. numeric	- the meaning of “oneness” is predominant here.		An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.
4. generalizing	- to denote a typical member of the class		A tiger is dangerous. A cat is a domestic animal.	The article in this function is similar in meaning to the pronoun “any.”
5. aspective	- to bring out a certain aspect of the notion	Uncountable	He was a man of a supernatural courage. I was aware now of a sickness.

The Definite Article

MEANING	USAGE	CLASSES OF NOUNS	EXAMPLES	NOTES
1. specifying	- to denote a particular object(s) as distinct from all others of the same class, as unique a) under the circumstances b) viewed as such by all people	Countable, Plural and Singular	a) Nothing was natural in the room, except the plants. b) the sky, the world, the moon etc.
2. generic	- to make reference to aclass of objects as a whole	Countable Singular	The tiger is a man-eater.
3. restricting	- to restrict a) the material to a definite quantity, portion or locality b) the abstract notion to a particular instance	Uncountable	a) He slowly pulled on the gloves, concentrating on fold in the leather. b) I didn’t wish to betray the anxiety I felt.

The Zero Article (The meaningful Absence of the Article)

MEANING	USAGE	CLASSES OF NOUNS	EXAMPLES	NOTES
1. nominating	- to give a name to the object; to describe what kind of object the speaker has in mind.	Countable Plural and Uncountable	We didn’t take beer or wine: they are a mistake on a trip. Mr. Low found marriage a very satisfactory state.
2. classifying	- to assign an object to a certain class of similar objects		Her brothers were students at Balliol College.	The noun usually functions as a predicative or apposition in a sentence.
3. generalizing	- to denote a typical member of the class		Tigers are dangerous. Water is a colourless liquid.

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