UNIT 1. MARK TWAIN. THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER

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UNIT 1. MARK TWAIN. THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER

II. 1-g, 2-h, 3-j, 4-a, 5-f, 6-I, 7-c, 8-d, 9-e, 10-b.

III.

1) Burden – load;

2) covet – wish;

3) difficult – hard;

4) fragment – piece;

5) fragrance – smell;

6) gladness – happiness;

7) hateful – unpleasant;

8) hollow – empty;

9) reluctans – unwillingness;

10) skylark – frolic;

IV.

1. Artificial – natural;

2. Considerable – small;

3. Difficult – easy;

4. Gladness – sadness;

5. Hateful – pleasant;

6. Hollow – full;

7. Poverty – wealth;

8. Reluctance – willingness;

9. Significant – insignificant;

10. Wealthy – poor;

Reading

II. 1-j, 2-g, 3-a, 4-c, 5-I, 6-f, 7-e, 8-b, 9-d, 10-h.

III.1) Saturday morning;

2) What epithets and metaphors does the author use to render the atmosphere of the day? – World was bright and fresh, and brimming with life. There was a song in every heart; and if the heart was young the music issued at the lips. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The locust-trees were in bloom and the fragrance of the blossoms filled the air. […] dreamy, reposeful, and inviting.

3) How does Tom feel about the work he has to do? What negatively coloured words does the author use to render his feelings? – All gladness left him and a deep melancholy settled down upon his spirit. […] Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden.

4) What made the task of bringing water from the pump appealing to children? – White, mulatto, and negro boys and girls were always there waiting their turns, resting, trading playthings, quarrelling, fighting, skylarking.

5) Why does the author use the allusion the slaughter of innocents to describe Toms mood in the second fragment? What is the original meaning of this expression? Where does it come from? – Because Tom is tricking innocent kids into working. I don't know original meaning.

6) What treasures did Tom trade from the boys? – Twelve marbles, part of a jews-harp, a piece of blue bottle-glass to look through, a spool cannon, a key that wouldnt unlock anything, a fragment of chalk, a glass stopper of a decanter, a tin soldier, a couple of tadpoles, six fire-crackers, a kitten with only one eye, a brass doorknob, a dog-collar but no dog the handle of a knife, four pieces of orange-peel, and a dilapidated old window sash.

7) How many coats of whitewash did the fence have as a result? – Three!!!

8) What great law of human action did Tom discover? – To make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to attain.

9) What difference between work and play does Mark Twain formulate? – Work consists of whatever a body is OBLIGED to do, and that Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.

10) What does the author denote by the word headquarters? How does this word render Toms attitude to Aunt Polly? – That is, aunt's house is the headquarters. And aunt Polly is a General commanding from headquarters.

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