Познакомьтесь с строением головного мозга

Задание по теме «Нервная система. Головной мозг». Задание расчитано на 2 пары.

1. Переведите текст:

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord¹, and nerves. One of the most important systems in your body, the nervous system is your body’s control system. It sends², receives³, and processes nerve impulses throughout the body. These nerve impulses tell your muscles and organs what to do and how to respond⁴ to the environment⁵. There are three parts of your nervous system that work together: the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system.

Brain.The brain keeps the body in order⁶. It helps to control all of the body systems and organs, keeping them working like they should. The brain also allows⁷ us to think, feel, remember and imagine. In general, the brain is what makes us human being.

The brain communicates with the rest⁸ of the body through the spinal cord and the nerves. They tell the brain what is going on in the body at all times. This system also gives instructions to all parts of the body about what to do and when to do it.

Spinal Cord.Nerves divide many times as they leave the spinal cord so that they may reach all parts of the body. The thickest nerve is 1 inch think and the thinnest is thinner than a human hair. Each nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of neurons (nerve cells). The spinal cord runs down a tunnel of holes in your backbone or spine. The bones protect it from damage. The cord is a thick bundle⁹ of nerves, connecting your brain to the rest of your body.

Senses.There are five main senses – touch, smell, taste, hearing, sight. These are the eхternal¹⁰ sensory system, because they tell you about the world outside your body. Your body’s sense organs constantly send signals about what is happening outside and inside it to your control center – the brain.

The cerebrum is part of the forebrain.¹¹ The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum. Certain areas of the cerebral cortex¹² are involved¹³ with certain functions.

Sensory areas such as touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight receive messages from the skin, nose, mouth, ears and eyes. We feel, taste, hear and see when these messages are received by the sensory parts of the brain.

The Peripheral Nervous System.The nervous system is made up of nerve cell or neurons that are «wired»¹⁴ together throughout the body, somewhat like communication system. Neurons carry messages in the form of an electrical impulse. The message move from one neuron to another to keep the body functioning.

NOTES:

¹spinal cord – спиной мозг ²to send - посылать ³to receive - получать ⁴to respond - отвечать ⁵ environment - окружение ⁶ to keep the body in order – поддерживать тело в порядке ⁷ to allow – позволять

⁸rest - остаток ⁹ bundle – пучок ¹⁰external – внешний ¹¹ forebrain – передний мозг ¹²cerebral cortex – кора ¹³involve – вовлекать ¹⁴to wire – связывать

2.Упражнения:

1). Найдите английские эквиваленты:

Нервная система состоит
Центральная нервная система
Периферическая нервная система
Вести себя как человек
Достигать всех частей тела
Защищать от повреждений
Получать информацию (сообщения) от кожи
Электрический импульс

2). Найдите русские эквиваленты:

It sends
Receives
And processes nerve impulses
To respond to the environment
To keep the body in order
Brain communicates with the rest of the body
Nerves divide many times
Tunnel of holes in backbone or spine
Thick bundle of nerves

3). Ответьте на вопросы:

- What is the function of brain?
- How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?
- What is neuron?
- What is the function of the neuron?

3. Познакомьтесь с строением головного мозга