Student’s book p. 200, please answer the questions before the text and read the text.

1. Student’s book p. 200, please answer the questions before the text and read the text.

1) Microbiology is the science of creatures that cannot be seen without special equipment

2) Virology, mycology, parasitology etc.

3) Microscope

2. pp. 202-204 ex.2,3

№2.

1) microorganisms are difficult to see with the naked eye

2) The virus carries genetic information

3) Infection is a complex biological process that occurs as a result of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body and violation of the constancy of the internal environment

4) Prokaryotes are used in medicine

5) operational tests of devices are made in accordance with GOST

6) Toxic waste can be divided into several groups: arsenic-containing inorganic solid waste; mercury-containing waste, etc.

7) biochemical tests are used for screening-detecting the disease at the preclinical stage

8) eukaryotes have the nucleotide composition of individual DNA sequences

9) strain-eco pure culture of the first type, which has the same morphological and physiological features

10) Chemical destruction of materials under the influence of environmental factors is biodegradable

№3

1. Microorganisms

2. Living organisms

3. Beneficial processes

4. Microorganisms

5. Treatment

6. Biotechnological productions

3. pp. 204-205 ex. 4,5,8

№4

1. Microbiology is the study if microorganisms, which are microscopic and unicellular organisms.

2. Microbiology typically includes the study of the immune system, or Immunology. And immune systems obviously interact with pathogenic microbes.

3. Microbiology includes virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology and other branches

4. Microbiology is researched actively. Many microbes are responsible for beneficial processes such as industrial fermentation, antibiotic production and others. Bacteria can be used for the industrial production of amino acids.

5. Corynebacteriumglutamicum is one of the most important bacterial species with an annual production of more than two million tons of amino acids.

6. A variety of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides, are produced by microorganisms. Microorganisms are used for the biotechnological production of biopolymers with tailored properties suitable for high-value medical application such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.

7. There are also various claims concerning the contributions to human and animal health by consuming probiotics (bacteria potentially beneficial to the digestive system) and/or prebiotics (substances consumed to promote the growth of probiotic microorganisms).

8. Microorganisms are beneficial for microbial biodegradation of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes. The ability of each microorganism to degrade toxic waste depends on the nature of each contaminant.

9. Recent research has suggested that microorganisms could be useful in the treatment of cancer

№5

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. F – Microbiology is researched actively

5. F - Bacteria can be used for the industrial production of amino acids

6. T

7. F – Prebiotics

№8

Eukaryotes	Organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes
Viruses	Small infectious agents that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms
Antibiotics	Powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections
Enzymes	Proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase or decrease the rates of) chemical reactions
Mycology	The branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi
Cancer	A class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth
Microbiologist	Biological scientists who study organisms so small that, generally, they can only be seen with a microscope
Prokaryotes	Organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles

4. p. 206 ex. 9,10,11

№9

№10

Viruses Microscope Biology Microorganisms DNA Antibiotics Cancer Microbiologists

№11

Immune systems interact with pathogenic microbes.

Many microbes are responsible for beneficial processes such as industrial fermentation, antibiotic production and other.

Bacteria can be used for the industrial production of amino acids. Corynebacteriumglutamicum is one of the most important bacterial species with an annual production of more than two million tons of amino acids.

A variety of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides, are produced by microorganisms.

Microorganisms are used for the biotechnological production of biopolymers with tailored properties suitable for high-value medical application such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.

Microorganisms are beneficial for microbial biodegradation of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes.

The ability of each microorganism to degrade toxic waste depends on the nature of each contaminant.

Probiotics - bacteria potentially beneficial to the digestive system

Prebiotics - substances consumed to promote the growth of probiotic microorganisms

Recent research has suggested that microorganisms could be useful in the treatment of cancer.

5. pp. 207-208 ex. 12,13

№12

Work is being done by students.
The clothes have been already washed by them.
He was expected that this job was offered.
The old oak was struck by lightning.
It couldn't have been painted by Titian because this style of dress was worn after his death.
Was this idea interested to you?

The details of his uncle’s will were given to him by lawyer.
These engines used to be started by hand. Now it started by electricity.
It was written by whom?
The new school was opened by the Prime minister.
Children under 16 wouldn't be admitted by them.

№13

1. Unfortunately these issues were not touchuponed during the conference.

2. Who says that agreement was signed?

3. Only English is spoken here

4. She has been allowed to play sports

5. Visitors were accepted every day

6. Betty hasn’t been allowed to come here

7. He has been cared bad in the hospital

8. Has been already dispatched for him? Yes, he has been phoned and asked come in 8 o'clock

9. The cinema is being built in our street

10. Don't say that otherwise you will be laughed

11. I haven't been told about this yet

12. Will we go out of town tomorrow if it rains? Yes, we should drive, we will be waited there

13. This building has been just built when we come here

14. By the evening work has been finished

15. When we have returned they told to us a lot of interesting news

6. pp.210-211 ex. 19

People from ancient times had an idea about microbiological processes, but did not know about the causes that cause them. This did not prevent you from making observations and even using this process in everyday life. Many philosophers made speculative conclusions about the causes of certain phenomena. At the same time, the closest to the discovery of the microcosm in the 14th century was Frakastoro, who suggested that infections are caused by small bodies that are transmitted through contact and remain on the patient's belongings. However, at that time it was impossible to be sure of the correctness of his ideas.