The 12th of May.. Practical lessons in industry engineering. From the History of Food Industry

The 12th of May.

Practical lessons in industry engineering

(Практические занятия по организации производства)

International words (интернациональные слова) – слова или выражения, употребляющиеся во многих языках с одним и тем же значением.

Например: Parliament – парламент, contrast - контраст.

Task 1. Guess the meaning of the following international words (Напишите значение (перевод) следующих интернациональных слов):

Food industry, guild, private, history, versions, paste, experimentation, olive, modern, chemical, packaging, machines, transportation.

Task 2. Read the text about the history of food industry. Прочитайте текст об истории пищевой промышленности.

From the History of Food Industry

The food industry is a very ancient industry. Almost every branch of the food industry and particularly those dealing with grain and bread, meat and meat products, fish and fish products, was a well defined trade guild.

The food industry developed from the experience of generations.

Milling and baking were well developed in ancient times. There were both private and public ovens for baking bread. The history of bread is actually the history of the baking oven and the raw materials used for the preparation of bread. The history of bread goes back at least 30,000 years. The first bread produced was probably cooked versions of a grain-paste, made from roasted and ground cereal grains and water, and may have been developed by accidental cooking or deliberate experimentation with water and grain flour. Descendants of this early bread are still commonly made from various grains in many parts of the world.

Olive oil and honey were widely sold and bought. Cheese was manufactured thousands of years ago. Butter is also an ancient food.

The production of food, as an industry, actually has a history extending as far as the history of modern chemistry because it was considered a part of chemical technology. Thus the book "Chemical Technology" published in 1870 contained the following sections: starch, sugar manufacture, cane sugar, beet sugar, fermentation, wine making, beer brewing, bread baking, manufacture of vinegar, and essential oils.

The food industry developed in full with the growth of the processing industries and with improvement in food machines, transportation, refrigeration, storage and packaging.

Task 3. Write the Russian equivalents to the word-combinations from the text ( Найдите перевод словосочетаний, которые встречались в тексте):

1. experience of generations

2. milling and baking

3. ancient times

4. private and public ovens

5. raw materials

6. ground cereal grains

7. olive oil

8. ancient food

9. chemical technology

10. processing industries

11. wine making

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