EXPECTED. Example: 0. IS EXPECTED TO. WISHED

Part 4

For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example: 0.Everyone expects that the Olympic champion will win the next race, too.

EXPECTED

The Olympic champion _______________ win the next race, too.

Example: 0. IS EXPECTED TO

25.‘I’ll take you to the station if you’re ready,’ my brother said.

LONG

My brother said he’d take me to the station _______________ ready.

26.My bike needs repairing again.

GET

I’ll have to _______________ again.

27.The firm said profits had fallen on account of the recession.

FALL

The firm blamed _______________ the recession.

28.Sigourney regretted spending so much in the shops.

WISHED

Sigourney _______________ less in the shops.

29.People believe that poem was written about these beautiful hills.

HAVE

That poem _______________ written about these beautiful hills.

30.Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the job.

BEEN

I wouldn’t have finished the job if _______________ your help.

Part 5

You are going to read an article about studying abroad for a year. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (А, В, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text.

A lot can happen in a year abroad

Like many students before her, studying abroad had a profound effect on Sarah Morrison

As I sat staring out at California’s spectacular Big Sur coastline, I felt fortunate to have a sister who had persuaded me to spend a year of my degree abroad. It seems that there are not enough older siblings explaining just how easy it is to take part in an international exchange.

While most universities offer worldwide exchanges, where students swap places with others from all over the world for a semester or a year during their degree, the number and quality on offer, together with the cost and time spent abroad, vary dramatically.

A deciding factor for me in choosing to study at the University of Edinburgh was the fact it offered more than 230 exchange places at overseas universities in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore and South America.

Despite all this choice, I still found that deciding to spend a year abroad was something of a novelty, with most of my friends giving more thought to embracing Edinburgh than packing their bags to leave a city that had only just become their home. Yet, fortified by my sister’s advice and a Californian friend who told me I would love the coast, I applied to spend my third year at the University of California, Berkeley – never guessing that this would affect almost every future decision I would make.

From the start of your exchange, you are aware that the time you have in your new country is limited and not to be wasted. Your experience is shaped by a predetermined start and end, which immediately increases the significance of the time in between.

From the first week I arrived, I started to work at The Daily Californian, Berkeley’s student newspaper. I moved from an international house with more than 600 students from all over the world into a co-operative house where 60 of us shared responsibility for management of the building. I met people from Calcutta, Cairo and Chile, and learnt that holding on to any stereotypes I might have about Americans would be about as useful as assuming that all European people lived on farms.

The grades I earned at Berkeley didn’t actually count towards my degree classification at Edinburgh. However, I studied under a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, signed up for student led seminars and took an African American literature class that shaped my dissertation in Edinburgh. Whether I was learning about contemporary poets on a tour of San Francisco or reporting on the President’s speech in San Francisco for the next day’s newspaper, my stay there enabled me to return to Edinburgh with an increased sense of awareness about what I wanted to gain from my English literature degree.

While the expense might seem like an initial barrier to international exchanges, in reality they can actually save a student money. Visas, health insurance and flights to the chosen country will have to be bought, but a student will usually only be charged 25 to 50 per cent of their home university’s annual fees. A student travelling abroad is entitled to a larger student loan, and grants are available at many institutions for students going on an exchange.

Taking part in an exchange may not appeal to all students. You have to research the options independently, apply almost a year before you go away and be aware of the grades required in the first year to qualify for a place on one. Even so, Edinburgh’s international exchange officer, Helen Leitch, says: ‘If I had a pound for every time that students told me it was the best experience of their life, I would be a very wealthy woman indeed.’

31.One reason Sarah became a student at Edinburgh University was that

A she could first study abroad and then move to Edinburgh.

В her sister had previously studied at Edinburgh.

C she could do part of her studies at a suitable university abroad.

D most of the students at Edinburgh spend a year at an overseas university

32.How did Sarah feel when she went to Berkeley?

A She was pleased to find the people were exactly as she had expected.

В She knew she wanted to make the most of her stay there.

CShe wanted to get a job rather than begin studying immediately.

D She began to wish her stay there could be a little shorter.

33.What does Sarah feel she achieved at Berkeley?

A She formed a clearer idea of what her long-term aims were.

В She took the first steps towards becoming a teacher.

C She developed her poetry-writing skills significantly.

D She ensured that she would graduate with a first-class degree.

34.What does Sarah say about the cost of an international university exchange?

A As a student you can get reduced rates for health insurance.

В Your fees may be cut by half for every year of your course.

C It can be cheaper overall than studying in your own country.

D Taking cheap flights abroad can save you a lot of money.

35.What does ‘one’ refer to in the last paragraph (underlined)?

A an international exchange as part of a university course

В a research degree at a university in another country

C a university course that is paid for by the government

D the first year of a university course in your own country

36.What does Helen Leitch suggest in the final paragraph?

A Students who do international exchanges often go on to become extremely rich.

В Most students who’ve done an international exchange believe it was highly worthwhile.

COnly students from rich families can afford to do an international exchange.

D She should be paid a far higher salary for organising international exchanges.

Part 6

You are going to read an article in which a television news producer talks about his work. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-Gthe one which fits each gap (37-42). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Working as a TV news producer

Rob Cole has produced TV news for decades now, working on anything from international celebrities to global conflicts. He shares the benefit of his considerable experience in the industry.

Rob’s time behind the cameras has coincided with huge changes in the way news is reported – from a time when everyone bought local newspapers, through the birth of 24-hour rolling news, and now the Internet. But what is the work like on a day-to-day basis?

Rob’s always worked in foreign news, so his focus is obviously on news from around the world. As you can imagine, there’s a lot of that. Rob comes in early, having checked his phone, social media, and listened to as many news programmes as he could. 37__. Running the foreign section is like a never-ending contest – constantly trying to get his journalists’ news presented ahead of the TV station’s other sections.

Once you have a story it’s then a matter of making sure that wherever the journalist is, the report comes into the building – through satellite, Internet or other routes – and it is ready to run on air on time. 38__. There’s nothing like getting a note from the producer at another network congratulating on a job well done. The low points, on the other hand, are much less pleasant: ‘I’ve had colleagues badly injured.’

So how can you become a news producer? Says Rob: ‘We get loads of applications. 39__. Don’t be put off; people in this business admire people who don’t give up.

You need to be keen to learn and, of course, take a real interest in current affairs. ‘You have to be obsessed with news, constantly following it. Even if you’re a creative producer, doing graphics, you still have to care about what’s going on in the world. Also, some people think about going into the media just because it sounds exciting. That would be a mistake; you have to really want to do the job. Luck’s involved too, of course. 40__.

In some ways, Rob’s job should remain fairly constant for the next few years. ‘They will always need someone to make decisions and take responsibility for newsgathering. However, what will change is the way in which news is delivered. When I started in TV, the crew used to consist of a reporter, producer, a camera operator, a sound person, and sometimes even a separate lighting person. 41__. Now there’s just the reporter and a multitasking camera operator who also edits and supplies the written material – if you’re lucky!’

‘Before long there will be a crew of just one, shooting all their own material on a

smartphone, then editing and voicing that material, before sending it to head office,

where it ends up going straight on air. 42__. Actually, this has already started to happen. The technology will just get quicker and quicker and smaller and smaller.’

A.You might write to just the right person at the right time.

В.Turning the device around and pressing the live app button also enables live broadcasting into the same programme.

C.They would be loaded down with equipment and some of them would be linked by cable.

D.With this information, before any stories actually come in, he then decides on the news priorities of the day.

E.In those days it was possible to start a career in news without even going to university: you went straight into training on a local paper.

F.Making sure it does so matters, especially given the friendly competition with other TV networks: ‘beating the other networks’ is a real highlight.

G.I always endeavour to reply, but from my own experience too many people don’t get back to you, so it’s best to keep trying.

Part 7

You are going to read a magazine article about adults who have met an old school friend again through social media. For questions 43-52, choose from the people(A-E). The people may be chosen more than once.

Which person (section)…

43.is surprised at the job her friend now has?

44.is sure that this time their friendship will last?

45.thinks her life may have changed as a result of meeting her friend again?

46.feels that in one way she and her friend have similar personalities?

47.believes that even without the Internet they would have met again?

48.regrets losing contact with her friend years ago?

49.was initially unsure whether she wanted to talk to her friend again?

50.told her friend she was sad to hear what had happened to her?

51.was surprised at how little her friend’s appearance had changed?

52.admits she wrongly predicted her friend would never have a successful career?

Friends again

Five people talk about the school friends they have met up with again thanks to social media websites.

ANadia Hassan

Although we’ve been living in different countries for a long time, I know I should have made more of an effort to stay in touch with Amina because we always got on well together, even though we’re quite different people. For instance, I’m much more ambitious than her and have no plans to start a family, whereas she already has two children. It’s quite a contrast in lifestyle, and although it’s great that we’re both content with our own lives – and we’ve enjoyed catching up with each other’s news – I don’t really know whether in the future we’ll have enough in common to keep the relationship going.

ВJulia Nowak

The first thing that struck me was that Natalia still looked much the same as she had ten years earlier, unlike some other people in their late twenties – especially those who have had serious personal issues to deal with during that time. She’s also still very keen on sports, which I’m not, but she remains as sociable as she ever was and I suppose we’re quite alike in that respect. In fact, she was one of the first people I thought of when the idea of contacting my old classmates occurred to me, and it’s great you can do that online so easily. Otherwise you could lose touch with them forever.

COlivia Morgan

Back in our school days I always liked Megan, but she was never keen on studying so I sort of took it for granted that she would end up doing a job that didn’t require

qualifications. Now it turns out she went on to do really well academically and for two years was a Philosophy lecturer at a top university. The other mistake I made was being rather cautious about responding when she first got in touch with me online last autumn, when in fact as soon as we saw each other on the screen we started chatting again as if that ten-year gap had never existed. I think we both quickly realised that we wouldn’t ever let anything like that happen again.

DMaite Silva

I was delighted when Carla told me she has such a good job. Somehow I always knew she’d do well, though I must confess that back then she was the last person I would have imagined becoming an economist because she was pretty hopeless at Maths. But when she appeared on my laptop screen after all those years I was impressed by how mature she sounded and looked, and in fact she might be having an influence on me. Ever since we met up again. I’ve found myself taking a more serious attitude to my career, with promotion now a real possibility.

EУan Lin

When I realised my old classmate Ming was trying to contact me I didn’t hesitate for a second in replying. Somehow I’d always known that one way or another we were bound to run into each other at some point, because when we left school we’d both gone off to do the same subject at different universities. What I hadn’t been prepared for, though, was the news that she’d had to interrupt her studies owing to personal problems. I expressed my sympathy, but she assured me she’d recovered and eventually graduated, and that since then she’s been working in advertising. Which of course is exactly what I do, too.

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