The 29th of May.. The studying of the latest inventions in the field of a chosen profession. Task 1. Read the text and do the tasks. - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.. Inventors and Their Inventions. James Watt

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The 29th of May.

The studying of the latest inventions in the field of a chosen profession

(Изучение последних открытий в области изучаемой специальности)

Task 1. Read the text and do the tasks. - Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Inventors and Their Inventions

James Watt

James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, know for his improvements of the stream engine.

Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in Greenock, Scotland. He worked as a mathematical- instrument maker from the age of 19 and soon became interested in improving the steam, engine which was used at that time to pump out water from mines.

Watt determined the properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature ad pressure, and designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented large losses of steam in the cylinder. Watt’s first patent, in 1769, covered this device and other improvements on steam engine.

At that time, Watt was the partner of the inventor John Roebuck, who had financed his researches. In 1775, however, roebuck’s interest was taken over by the manufacturer Matthew Boulton, owner of the Soho Engineering Works at Birmingham, and he and Watt began the manufacture of steam engines. Watt continued his research and patented several other important inventions, including the rotary engine for driving various types of machinery; the double-action, in which steam is admitted alternately into both ends of the cylinder; and the steam indicator, which records the steam pressure in the engine. He retired from the firm in 1800 and thereafter devoted himself entirely to research work.

The misconception that Watt was the actual inventor of the steam engine arose from the fundamental nature of his contributions to its development. The centrifugal or flyball governor,

Which he invented in 1788, and which automatically regulated the speed of an engine, is of particular interest today. It embodies the feedback principle of a servomechanism, linking output to input, which is the basic concept of automation. The watt, the unit of power, was named in his honor. Watt was also a well known civil engineer. He invented, in 1767, an attachment that adapted telescopes for use in the measurement of distances. Watt died in Heathfield, near Birmingham, in August 1819.

Task 2. Answer the questions. - Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Who was James Watt?

2. How was the steam engine used at the beginning of the 18^th century?

3. What did Watt determine?

4. What did Watt patent in the seventieth?

5. Was Watt the actual inventor of the steam engine?

6. What is the centrifugal or fly bale governor?

7. What unit of power was named in his honour?

8. What attachment did he invent in 1767?

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