Practical work 3.

Practical work 3.

Table 1 - Effects of micronutrient or phytonutrient deficiencies or deficiencies on immune responses

Micronutrient Effects of deficiency

Vitamin A Loss of barrier function of mucosal epithelium.

Impaired neutrophil and macrophage function.

Reducing the number of natural killer cells and their lytic activity.

Immune response decrease.

Vitamin D Reduced production of antibacterial peptides (endogenous

antibiotics).

Vitamin E Violation of B-and T-cell immunity.

Increased oxidative damage in the cell membranes of the immune system.

Vitamin B6 Decreased lymphocyte responsiveness.

Violation of antibody synthesis.

Vitamin C Reduced Resistance to Infections.

Violation of T-cell proliferation.

Zinc Disruption of T-cell maturation

Impaired lymphocyte responsiveness

Decrease in resistance to infection.

Selenium Increased oxidative damage in the cell membranes

of the immune system.

Decreased cytokine synthesis.

Decreased resistance to viruses.

Reduced antibody synthesis.

Caratinoids Dysfunction of phagocytes.

Reduce the activity of natural killer cells (EC).

Flavonoids Immunomodulatory Effects