What is the immune system?. How does the immune system work?

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Distant learning week 4

1. Grammar

Explanation about Future perfect https://www.ef.com/ca/english-resources/english-grammar/future-perfect/

Explanation about Future perfect continuous https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/futureperfectcontinuous.html

Student’s book p. 174-176 ex. 10-13

2. Audio

2.1 Please listen to the audio file “Immune system” and complete the missing words:

Your immune system defends the body from infection. It is made up of a complex network of cells, ______________ and organs in your body. An underactive or overactive immune system can cause ________ issues.

What is the immune system?

The immune system is found in:

skin
__________ marrow
the thymus, a _________ in your upper chest
white blood cells, which fight ______________
lymph, a milky fluid carrying white blood cells
the lymphatic system, a network of tiny ____________ that carry lymph around the body
_____________, small lumps in your groin, armpit, around your neck and elsewhere
the spleen, an organ under your ribs on the left
___________ membranes, like the lining of the inside of your mouth

The ___________ system allows immune cells to travel between tissues and the bloodstream. The lymphatic system contains lymphocytes (white blood cells; mostly ___________ and B cells),which try to recognise any bacteria, ___________ or other foreign substances in your body and fight them.

Lymph nodes are found in certain areas such as the base of the ______________ and the armpit. They become swollen or enlarged in __________ to an infection.

How does the immune system work?

The ____________ and mucous membranes are the first line of defence against bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances. They act as a physical __________, and they also contain immune cells.

When your skin has a cut, harmful ______________ (tiny particles) can enter and invade your body. The cut triggers certain immune cells in the bloodstream that try to destroy the invaders.

In an infection, __________________________ identify the microbe, produce antibodies to fight the infection, and help other immune responses to occur. They also '______________' the attack.

This is how vaccinations work - __________________ expose your immune system to a dead or weakened microbe or to proteins from a microbe, so that your body is able to recognise and respond very quickly to any future ________________________ to the same microbe.

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