Irish English

Is the set of English dialects natively written and spoken within the island of Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).

Today, there is only a little more than one per cent of the population that speaks Irish natively. Of the 40% of the population, who self-identified as speaking some Irish in 2016, 4% speak Irish daily outside the education system. English is one of two official languages, along with Irish, of the Republic of Ireland, and is the country's de facto working language.

Hiberno-English's spelling and pronunciation standards align with British rather than American English. However, Hiberno-English's diverse accents and some of its grammatical structures are unique, with some influence by the Irish language and a tendency to be phonologically conservative, retaining older features no longer common in the accents of England or North America.

Phonologists today often divide Hiberno-English into four or five overarching classes of dialects or accents. Some of them.

Northern Irish English

I’m afraid rural dialects in the south carry a stigma of being unacceptable to educated people, whereas in the North I have heard doctors, dentists, teachers and lawyers lace their speech with either Ulster Scots or Northern Irish English. Examples of Northern Irish English: Seamus Heaney has written of glar, soft liquid mud, from the Irish glá r; glit, meaning ooze or slime (glet is more common in Donegal); and daligone, meaning nightfall, dusk, from 'daylight gone. ' I have [heard] daylight-falling, day-fall, dellit fall, duskies and duskit, also from Derry.

Southern Irish English

Some well know known characteristics of the grammar of southern Irish English include the following: 1) Stative verbs can be used with progressive aspect: I'm seeing it very well; This is belong to me. 2) The adverb after can be used with a progressive where a perfective would be used in other varieties: I'm after seeing him ('I've just seen him'). This is a loan translation from Irish. 3) Clefting is common, and it is extended to use with copular verbs: It was very well that he looked; Is it stupid you are? Again, this shows a substrate effect from Irish.

New Dublin English

The changes in Dublin English involve both vowels and consonants. While the consonant changes seem to be individual changes, those in the area of vowels represent a coordinated shift which has affected several elements. . . . To all appearances this started about 20 years ago (mid 1980s) and has continued to move along a recognisable trajectory. In essence, the change involves a retraction of diphthongs with a low or back starting point and a raising of low back vowels. Specifically, it affects the diphthongs in the PRICE/PRIDE and CHOICE lexical sets and the monophthongs in the LOT and THOUGHT lexical sets. The vowel in the GOAT lexical set has also shifted, probably as a result of the other vowel movements.

Examples: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=QJFayFOASMg

https: //www. fluentin3months. com/irish-english-dictionary/

https: //stancarey. wordpress. com/2014/05/26/10-words-only-used-in-irish-english/

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xEl2JH6ruOw

Welsh English comprises the dialects of English spoken by Welsh people. The dialects are significantly influenced by Welsh grammar and often include words derived from Welsh. In addition to the distinctive words and grammar, a variety of accents are found across Wales, including those of North Wales, the Cardiff dialect, the South Wales Valleys and West Wales.

Accents and dialects in the west of Wales have been more heavily influenced by the Welsh language while dialects in the east have been influenced more by dialects in England. In the east and south east, it has been influenced by West Country and West Midland dialects while in north east Wales and parts of the North Wales coast, it has been influenced by Merseyside English.

A colloquial portmanteau word for Welsh English is Wenglish. It has been in use since 1985.

The language is taught in all primary and most secondary schools.

Features of Welsh English The English spoken in Wales is not as deviant with respect to more standard forms of English, especially when it is compared to either Scottish or Irish English. There is little in the syntax which is specifically Welsh so that the main features are phonological with one or two morphological characteristics and a few lexical items such as bach and gel as terms of endearment.

Phonology The most general feature of Welsh English is the lilting intonation due to the rise-fall at the end of statements as opposed to the fall in other forms of English. Long vowels tend to occur only in stressed syllables. There is little distinction in length among low vowels so that words like grand and grass sound as if they had the same vowel. A central schwa is found for the /ʌ /-vowel in words like cut, but /kə t/, /bə t/. Long final vowels occur such as /i: / in sorry /sɒ ri: /. Yod before /u: / is often deleted as in regulate /reguleit/.

Welsh - the Celtic language - is found in two major varieties, a northern and a southern one. The north of Wales tends to be more rural and the south, certainly in the regions of Swansea and Cardiff, is mainly urban. In keeping with the division for Welsh there are some distinctions between the English spoken in the north and that in the south of the country. Southern Welsh English is h-less where Northern Welsh English tends to be h-ful, i. e. /h/ occurs in initial position. In the south a clear /l/ is commonly used for all types of English /l/ - i. e. in syllable-initial and in syllable-final positions which have a clear and a dark /l/ in Received Pronunciation respectively - whereas in the north the velar /ɫ / may well predominate.

Morphology Multiple negation is found as in We don’t speak no English in the home. As is frequently used as a relative pronoun, The woman as went abroad. Them acts as a demonstrative adjective Them men who sing so well. Unstressed do can be employed to express a durative aspect as in Irish English (see above) The children do be playing in the yard after school. Fronting as a means of topicalisation is quite acceptable, Books on linguistics he is keen on reading.

Examples: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=O_2UW8v3Q80

https: //www. uv. es/anglotic/accents_of_english/02/examples_of_welsh_english. html

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8K5UrkaWEuk

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