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ORTHOPEDICS. Fractures⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 11 из 11 Surgeons deal with fractures. A fracture is a broken bone. Types of fractures: A closed or simple fracture. These results from an injury which breaks a bone without causing any external wound at the site of the break. An open or compound fracture. With this type there is a wound of the skin at the site of the fracture, and this allows communication between the outside air and the broken bone, hence the term «open». A complicated fracture. When the sharp ragged ends of a broken bone damage an internal organ such as the brain or lungs or tear some important blood vessel or never, this is known as a «complicated fracture». A «closed» fracture may be made «complicated» or «open» by rough handling. The symptoms and signs of a fracture: Shock. Always present in some degree with any fracture. May be severe. Pain and tenderness at the site of the fracture, quickly followed by bruising and swelling. Bleeding if there is an open fracture. Loss of power in the affected part. Generally speaking if a limb is broken, it cannot be moved, and never without pain. Irregularity on the surface of the bone, e. g., on the collarbone or the bone of an arm. In an open fracture the ends of the broken bone may be sticking out of the wound. Deformity and unnatural movement. A person's leg which has been broken may be crumpled up underneath him with the foot turned round the wrong way. The bones of the leg may be bent in a place where there is no joint, e. g., between the knee and the foot if both bones of the leg are broken. Crepitus. This is a grating sensation which may sometimes be felt and even heard and is caused by the ends of the broken bone rubbing one against the other when moved. On no account must a first aider ever try to obtain this sensation by rubbing the ends of the bone together. By doing so lie may make the break worse and in any case will cause much pain and increase shock. Упр. 1. Прочитать и письменно перевести текст Упр. 2. Составить план текста на англ. яз. Упр. 3. Найти и выписать признаки перелома (с переводом)
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