The brain stem. The cerebrum. The cerebellum. The diencephalon. The spinal cord

The brain stem

The brain stem is also known as the Medulla oblongata. It is located between the pons and the spinal cord and is only about one inch long.

The cerebrum

The cerebrum forms the bulk of the brain and is supported on the brain stem. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres. Each hemisphere controls the activities of the side of the body opposite that hemisphere.

The hemispheres are further divided into four lobes:

1) Frontal lobe;

2) Temporal lobe;

3) Parietal lobe;

4) Occipital lobe.

The cerebellum

This is located behind and below the cerebrum.

The diencephalon

The diencephalon is also known as the fore brain stem. It includes the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus is where sensory and other impulses go and coalesce. The hypothalamus is a smaller part of the diencephalon.

The spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long tube like structure which extends from the brain. The spinal cord is composed of a series of 31 segments. Both motor and sensory nerves are located in the spinal cord. The spinal cord is about 43 cm long in adult women and 45 cm long in adult men and weighs about 35–40 grams.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What parts does the nervous system consist of?

2. What is the central nervous system?

3. What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

4. What parts does the brain consist of?

5. Where is the brain stem located?

6. How are the hemispheres divided?

7. Where is the cerebellum located?

8. What does the diencephalon include?

9. What do you know about the spinal cord?

3. Дополните предложения недостающей информацией.

1. The nervous system is a biological system containing a … of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions and … signals between different parts of its body.

2. The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory …, clusters of neurons called …, and nerves connecting them to each other and to the central nervous system.

3. The brain consists of four principal parts: the…, the …, the …, the … .

4. The … forms the bulk of the brain and is supported on the brain stem.

5. The diencephalon includes the thalamus and … .

6. The … is composed of a series of 31 segments.

5. Соотнесите названия с их описаниями. Есть одно лишнее название.

1. a biological system containing a network of specialized cells

2. consists of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia, and nerves

3. forms the bulk of the brain and is supported on the brain stem.

4. is divided into two major parts: the brain and the spinal cord.

5. lies within the skull and is shaped like a mushroom.

6. is located behind and below the cerebrum.

7. is a long tube like structure which extends from the brain.

a. the brain

b. the cerebrum

c. the spinal cord

d. the central nervous system

e. the peripheral nervous system

f. the cerebellum

g. the diencephalon

h. the nervous system

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